Dieback in energy forestry plantations in Canada-Montreal. problem is not known

Necrotic infection in Canadian willow cv Charlie

Salix shoot (top) inoculated with a bacterial isolate, left at room temperature for 24 h, and uppermost part covered with a glass tube, then inverted into ethanol and subjected to low temperature -2 C.

Diseased willows were found associated with the
presence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus spp., Clavibacter
spp., Erwinia rhapontici, Frigoribacterium faeni,
Pseudomonas brenneri, P. fluorescens, P. frederiksbergensis,
P. graminis, P. syringae, P. veronii, Sphingobacterium/
Pedobacter, Sphingomonas/non-fluorescent P. fluorescens
(different biotypes), Xanthomonas campestris and related species.

Dr. Pajand Nejad in greenhouse, selecting Salix cuttings for bacterial and fungal inoculation, then exposing them to frost treatment 

Dr. Pajand Nejad with his lab assistant and Ph.D students in energy forestry plantation/ expermental site in Brunnby Sweden